Mercator
Description
The following figure shows the mapping between latitude/longitude values and map coordinates:
90°N 180°W 90°N 180°E
(0|0) (w|0) <- sample coordinates (pixel-is-point)
\ 0 1 ... w-1 / <- sample coordinates (pixel-is-area)
(#)--+---+---+--(#)
0 | * | * | * | * |
+---+---+---+---+ * := map sample (pixel-is-area)
1 | * | * | * | * | + := map sample (pixel-is-point)
+---+---+---+---+
...| * | * | * | * | w := raster width (here: 4)
+---+---+---+---+ h := raster height (here: 4)
h-1| * | * | * | * |
(#)--+---+---+--(#)
/ \
(0|h) (w|h) <- map coordinates (pixel-is-point)
90°S 180°W 90°S 180°E
Chapter 1.3.3.2 Popular Visualization Pseudo Mercator,
OGP Publication 373-7-2 - Geomatics Guidance Note number 7, part 2 - July 2012,
available for download at: https://www.epsg.org.